基于压缩感知的图像降噪处理研究

在农产品图像的动态采集中,可能会出现粘结、叠加及背景干扰等一系列缺陷,同时稀疏采样的图像也可能是不完整的。对于这个棘手的问题,由压缩感知理论可以找到答案。压缩感知理论首先对采集的图像进行稀疏表达,然后选取适合图像的最优小波基,采用凸优化理论及其算法,可以得到花生图像的特征点(降噪点)并进行处理,从而完成噪声的去除。为此,在压缩感知理论的基础上,提出了运用快速迭代阈值收缩(FISTA)算法进行去噪处理,与其他的图像降噪方法相比,体现了速度快、效率高、去噪效果好等优势。     

基于ZigBee的智能农业灌溉系统研究

针对传统农业灌溉中有线网络成本高、布线困难、覆盖范围受限等问题,以AT91SAM9260微处理器为控制核心、CC2530芯片为网络节点,利用超声波水位传感器、STR型土壤水分传感器采集农田水位数据信息,构建ZigBee网络。同时,通过GSM通信模块TC35i,实现了终端节点数据信息反馈及用户控制命令传输的智能农业灌溉系统,为农业的大田灌溉提供了详细的解决方案。     

小型割前脱粒收获机双滚筒恒速控制研究

对一种小型割前脱粒收获机双滚筒恒速控制问题进行了研究。建立了行走速度与滚筒角速度的数学模型,确定了在作物密度不可控的情况下,可以通过控制行走速度来稳定滚筒角速度。进行基本试验得到了收获机在额定工作时的喂入量和滚筒转速范围,以此作为恒速控制的基准值。在实际工作过程中,滚筒转速传感器实时检测滚筒转速反馈给控制器,控制器通过控制步进电机调节变量泵排量来控制收获机减速或加速,从而稳定滚筒转速。试验结果表明:该控制系统提高了割前脱粒收割机双滚筒工作转速的稳定性,减轻了操作者的劳动强度。     

凸轮式填料装置排料器的结构优化与运动仿真

在凸轮式填料装置的设计中,排料器滑板结构的厚度影响其应力。为此,对滑板结构进行了静力分析,并将最小安全系数与许用安全系数进行对比,在满足设计要求条件下对滑板结构的厚度进行优化,从而减轻排料器质量以节省材料。通过对滑板结构厚度优化后的排料器滚子质心的运动仿真可得到:滚子质心的运动轨迹与理论设计的凸轮轮廓线一致;滚子位移曲线所得到的滑板伸出滚筒长度的最大值与设计一致;滚子径向运动速度和加速度曲线规律符合设计要求。     

Development of broad‐spectrum bacterial blight resistance into thermo‐sensitive genic male sterile lines

Two‐line hybrid rice technology is an effective way to increase rice production and improve rice quality. In this study, three bacterial blight (BB) resistance genes, Xa7, Xa21 and Xa23, were introgressed separately into C815S, a popular thermo‐sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) line to develop five BB‐resistant lines (Hua1005S, Hua1002S, Hua1009S, Hua1006S and Hua1001S) to be resistant against seven races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The two‐line hybrids with heterozygous Xa23 were resistant against seven Xoo strains. But, the hybrids with heterozygous loci for both Xa7 and Xa21 were only resistant against three Xoo strains and were moderately susceptible to the other four strains indicating the role of modifiers influencing the poor expression of dominant BB resistance genes under heterozygous state. Among them, Hua1006S was found to be a promising TGMS line with its higher degree of disease resistance level on account of broad‐spectrum resistance gene Xa23 besides possessing better plant type and rice grain quality features.     

Construction of chromosomal segment substitution lines and genetic dissection of introgressed segments associated with yield determination in the parents of a super‐hybrid rice

Heterosis is a phenomenon whereby hybrids of inbred lines produce favourable phenotypes that exceed those of their parents. Traits of interest are higher yield and stronger stress tolerance. The two‐line super‐hybrid rice ‘Liangyoupei9’ (LYP9) shows superiority to both its elite inbred line ‘93‐11’ and ‘Pei'ai64s’ (‘PA64s’) parents and conventional hybrids. However, the genetic basis of its hybrid vigour, especially yield determination, remains elusive. In the present study, a set of 156 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) carrying overlapping segments from ‘PA64s’ in a genetic background of ‘93‐11’ were constructed and planted in six environments. Three major agronomic traits, viz. panicle length (PL), heading date (HD) and plant height (PH), and five yield‐related traits, viz. grain weight per panicle (GWP), number of grains per panicle (GPP), 1000‐grain weight (TGW), seed set (SS) and number of panicles of per plant (PPP), were evaluated over 3 years. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was conducted using a likelihood ratio test based on stepwise regression. Forty‐six putative QTL distributed on 11 chromosomes were detected in more than one year. Remarkably, GWP of four CSSLs carrying positive yield QTL outperformed the recurrent parent ‘93‐11’ by more than 15%, in at least two environments. These results indicate that CSSLs are effective in identifying yield‐associated traits, and lines harbouring such QTL will be rich in resources for future molecular breeding programmes.     

Mapping and candidate gene analysis for a new top spikelet abortion mutant in rice

Grain numbers is one of the determinations for rice yield and directly associated with spikelet numbers per panicle and its normal development. Lots of genes responsible for spikelet numbers and spikelet early development have been identified, but the molecular information about the spikelet development at later development is still limited. Here, we isolated a rice spikelet abnormal development mutant, which shows degenerated spikelet at the top panicle and named aborted top spikelet mutant 1(Ats1). The spikelets derived from the middle and bottom branches per panicle of Ats1 show normal development with those of wild type. However, a large number of branches and spikelets with arrested development were often observed only on apex panicle. The abnormality did not appear until the stage In8 when rachises elongate rapidly and reproductive organs get mature, based on observations through SEM analysis. The aborted spikelet could develop the complete floral organs with a pair of rudimentary glume, a pair of empty glume, two lodicule, six stamens and one carpel. But all these floral organs did not develop maturity. Genetic analysis on two F₂ populations indicated that the Ats1 was controlled by a single dominant gene. By using bulked segregant analysis of F₂ population developed from Ats1 crossing with Songjing6, ATS1 was mapped on chromosome 8 between RM3819 and RM5556. Then, the fine mapping was performed with 1078 F₂ population developed from Ats1 and IR36. The ATS1 locus was finely mapped in an 85.7 kb region between RM22448 and STS8‐2 with 8 genes according to the rice annotation project database. Sequence analysis of the candidate genes within the delimited region of the Ats1 and Akihikari showed two‐nucleotide changes, including single‐nucleotide substitutions corresponding to an amino acid substitution from asparagine to lysine acid in exons 3 and a 1‐bp deletion resulting in a premature stop codon in exon 22 at the candidate gene, LOC_Os08g06480. A cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker, CAPS‐ats1, was developed from the 1‐bp deletion site. The complete cosegregation of the CAPS genotypes with the matching phenotypes were observed in the F₂ populations. This suggested that Os08g06480 is most likely the ATS1 gene. These results will provide more information for better understanding of the molecular mechanism governing top spikelet abortion within a short developmental period.     

不同移栽时期对山西早熟区春玉米生长及产量的影响

为了探索在山西早熟区无膜种植玉米的新模式及明确该地区玉米育苗移栽的适宜移栽时期,采用完全随机区组设计大田试验,以覆膜直播为对照,分析比较了不同时期露地移栽对玉米生育进程、株高、成熟期棒三叶叶面积与产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明:各时期移栽玉米的生育进程均慢于对照。移栽具有降低株高与减小成熟期棒三叶叶面积的效应。在本试验条件下5月1日移栽玉米产量与对照无显著差异,较覆膜直播(CK)仅减少了7%。在早熟地区采用育苗移栽方法无膜种植玉米时必须注意当地晚霜对玉米幼苗的伤害,可以认为在该地区适宜的移栽时期应当是在当地晚霜之后抓紧时间尽早移栽。     

清代长白山地区土地利用/覆被变化驱动力及其环境效应

清代长白山地区土地利用/覆盖发生了剧烈的变化,是过去300年中国土地利用/覆盖变化(LUCC)最大的地区之一。笔者通过查阅历史文献、地方文献,分析了清代长白山地区土地开发过程、特点和趋动因子,指出了LUCC受自然和人类活动双重因素驱动。清朝政府对土地的开发政策、巨大的人口压力以及外国侵略者的入侵是清代长白山地区LUCC的重要驱动力。各驱动力以合力形式作用于土地利用/覆被使其变化,同时LUCC也对研究区的生态环境变迁产生了重要的影响。     

Application of marker‐assisted backcross to introgress Bph3, Bph14 and Bph15 into an elite indica rice variety for improving its resistance to brown planthopper

To improve brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål; BPH) resistance of an elite indica cultivar of South China, Hemeizhan (HMZ), we applied marker‐assisted backcross (MABC) to incorporate three BPH‐resistance genes (Bph3, Bph14 and Bph15) into the genetic background of HMZ. In the third backcross (BC₃) generation, we obtained near‐isogenic lines (Bph3‐NIL, Bph14‐NIL, Bph15‐NIL and Bph14 + Bph15‐NIL) with more than 96% recovery of recurrent parent genome, and pyramided lines (Bph3 + Bph14‐PYL, Bph3 + Bph15‐PYL and Bph3 + Bph14 + Bph15‐PYL) with more than 89% recovery of recurrent parent genome. These lines showed stronger resistance against BPH than HMZ at seedling and booting stages. The rank of resistance gene effect was Bph3 + Bph14 + Bph15 ≥ Bph3 + Bph15 ≥ Bph3 +Bph14 ≥ Bph14 + Bph15 ≥ Bph3 ≥ Bph15 ≥ Bph14 > none. Compared with HMZ, only Bph3 + Bph14 + Bph15‐PYL had a significant difference in yield per plant, and the lines carrying Bph3 had higher amylose contents, indicating that Bph3 was tightly linked to Wx^a allele. These improved lines are good intermediate sources of broad‐spectrum and durable BPH resistance to improve other indica cultivars. Our results demonstrate that MABC is a very efficient approach to improve BPH resistance of elite rice cultivar.